Método INTERMED para pacientes com transtornos mentais: revisão integrativa da literatura / The INTERMED method for patients with mental disorders: integrative literature review

RESUMO: Modelo do estudo: Revisão integrativa da literatura. Objetivo: Analisar evidências científicas disponíveis na literatura sobre a utilização do método INTERMED pela equipe multidisciplinar em pacientes com trans-tornos mentais. Metodologia: A seleção de artigos foi realizada nas bases de dados National Library of Medicine (PubMed), American Psychological Association (PsycINFO), Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS) e Scientific Eletronic Library Online (SciELO). Resultados: Ao final, cinco estudos concentrados entre 2000 e 2008, foram selecionados para análise. Os artigos analisados mostraram que o método INTERMED teve resultados positivos na identificação de pacientes que precisam de cuidados complexos, o que direcionou a realização de intervenções psiquiátricas rápidas que diminuíram o tempo de permanência no ambiente hospitalar, o número de internações melhorou a qualidade de vida dos pacientes e, consequentemente, diminuiu custos com a saúde. Conclusão: Os estudos analisados mostraram que há poucas evidências sobre o tema investigado. O método INTERMED tem boa aplicabilidade junto a outros instrumentos e foi eficaz na identificação de pacientes que precisam de cuidados complexos. (AU)

ABSTRACT Study design: Integrative literature review. Purpose: Analyzing the scientific evidence available in the literature about the use of the INTERMED method by the multidisciplinary team in patients with mental disorders. Method: The selection of articles was performed using the National Library of Medicine (PubMed), American Psychological Association (PsycINFO), Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences (LILACS) and Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO). Results: Five studies, published between 2000 and 2008, were selected for analysis. The data analyzed highlights that the INTERMED method had positive results in the identification of patients who needed complex care, which led to the implementation of rapid psychiatric interventions that reduced the length of staying in the hospital environment, the number of hospitalizations, improved the quality of life of the patients and consequently decreased health costs. Conclusion: We may affirm that there is little evidence on the subject investigated. The INTERMED method has good applicability with other instru-ments and has been effective in identifying patients who need complex care. (AU)

Acesso Avançado em uma Unidade de Saúde da Família do interior do estado de São Paulo: um relato de experiência / Advanced Access in a Family Health Unit in the countryside of the State of São Paulo: an experience report

RESUMO O Acesso Avançado (AA) é um formato de organização de agenda em unidades de saúde na Atenção Primária à Saúde que prega a máxima 'Faça hoje o trabalho de hoje!'. Ele busca ativamente reduzir a demanda reprimida de atendimentos, reduzir o absenteísmo e ampliar o acesso aos usuários do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). O objetivo deste trabalho foi relatar aspectos da implementação do AA em uma Unidade de Saúde da Família (USF). Foram realizadas entrevistas com os profissionais da USF acerca do AA e, de forma preliminar, foram utilizados os dados do Sistema de Informação de Atenção Básica (Siab), do E-SUS e das agendas físicas, para comparação numérica de alguns parâmetros entre antes e depois da implantação e implementação do AA.

ABSTRACT Advanced Access (AA) is an agenda organization method in Primary Health Care (PHC) units that preaches the saying 'Do today's work today!'. It actively seeks to reduce the repressed demand for care, reduce absenteeism and increase access to users of the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS). The objective of this study is to report the implementation of AA in a Family Health Unit (FHU). Interviews were conducted with FHU professionals about AA and, in a preliminary way, data from Primary Health Care Information System (Siab), E-SUS and physical agendas were used, for numerical comparison of some parameters between before and after AA implementation.

An eHealth Platform for the Support of a Brazilian Regional Network of Mental Health Care (eHealth-Interop): Development of an Interoperability Platform for Mental Care Integration.

BACKGROUND: The electronic exchange of health-related data can support different professionals and services to act in a more coordinated and transparent manner and make the management of health service networks more efficient. Although mental health care is one of the areas that can benefit from a secure health information exchange (HIE), as it usually involves long-term and multiprofessional care, there are few published studies on this topic, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to design, implement, and evaluate an electronic health (eHealth) platform that allows the technical and informational support of a Brazilian regional network of mental health care. This solution was to enable HIE, improve data quality, and identify and monitor patients over time and in different services. METHODS: The proposed platform is based on client-server architecture to be deployed on the Web following a Web services communication model. The interoperability information model was based on international and Brazilian health standards. To test platform usage, we have utilized the case of the mental health care network of the XIII Regional Health Department of the São Paulo state, Brazil. Data were extracted from 5 different sources, involving 26 municipalities, and included national demographic data, data from primary health care, data from requests for psychiatric hospitalizations performed by community services, and data obtained from 2 psychiatric hospitals about hospitalizations. Data quality metrics such as accuracy and completeness were evaluated to test the proposed solution. RESULTS: The eHealth-Interop integration platform was designed, developed, and tested. It contains a built-in terminology server and a record linkage module to support patients' identification and deduplication. The proposed interoperability environment was able to integrate information in the mental health care network case with the support of 5 international and national terminologies. In total, 27,353 records containing demographic and clinical data were integrated into eHealth-Interop. Of these records, 34.91% (9548/27,353) were identified as patients who were present in more than 1 data source with different levels of accuracy and completeness. The data quality analysis was performed on 26 demographic attributes for each integrable patient record, totaling 248,248 comparisons. In general, it was possible to achieve an improvement of 18.40% (45,678/248,248) in completeness and 1.10% (2731/248,248) in syntactic accuracy over the test dataset after integration and deduplication. CONCLUSIONS: The proposed platform established an eHealth solution to fill the gap in the availability and quality of information within a network of health services to improve the continuity of care and the health services management. It has been successfully applied in the context of mental health care and is flexible to be tested in other areas of care.

[Differential diagnosis of first episode psychosis: importance of optimal approach in psychiatric emergencies]. / Diagnóstico diferencial de primeiro episódio psicótico: importância da abordagem otimizada nas emergências psiquiátricas.

OBJECTIVE: To review the literature regarding the diagnosis of first episode psychosis in the context of emergency psychiatry. METHOD: Review of empirical and review articles selected by electronic search in the database PubMed. RESULTS: Specific features of emergency care--single, brief and cross section assessment, and with little information--may jeopardize the diagnostic process. These limitations can be circumvented by application of operational diagnostic criteria, the use of scales and structured interviews and a short period of observation, between 24-72 hours. Diagnoses of bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, psychotic depression and delusional disorder developed in the context of emergency have good stability, but not the diagnoses of brief psychotic disorder, schizophreniform disorder and schizoaffective disorder. First episode psychosis can occur in the course of the use of psychoactive substances, with relatively frequent maintenance of psychotic symptoms even after cessation of the use of the substance. The rational use of subsidiary tests may help the differential diagnosis of psychotic episodes due to general medical conditions. CONCLUSION: Diagnoses of first psychotic episode can be adequately performed during psychiatric emergencies, if routines are implemented based on scientific evidence.

Diagnóstico diferencial de primeiro episódio psicótico: importância da abordagem otimizada nas emergências psiquiátricas / Differential diagnosis of first episode psychosis: importance of optimal approach in psychiatric emergencies

OBJETIVO: Revisar dados da literatura relativos ao diagnóstico de primeiro episódio psicótico no contexto das emergências psiquiátricas. MÉTODO: Revisão de artigos empíricos e de revisão selecionados por meio de busca eletrônica no indexador PubMed. RESULTADOS: Características específicas de atendimento de emergência - avaliação única e breve, em corte transversal e com poucas informações disponíveis - podem dificultar o processo diagnóstico. Essas limitações podem ser contornadas por meio da aplicação adequada de critérios diagnósticos operacionais, do uso de escalas e entrevistas diagnósticas padronizadas e de um tempo mínimo de observação de 24 a 72 horas. Diagnósticosdetranstornobipolar,esquizofrenia,depressãopsicóticaetranstorno delirante elaborados em contexto de emergência apresentam boa estabilidade temporal, não ocorrendo o mesmo com diagnósticos de transtorno psicótico breve, transtorno esquizofreniforme e transtorno esquizoafetivo. Primeiro episódio psicótico pode ocorrer na vigência do uso de substâncias psicoativas, sendo relativamente frequente a manutenção do quadro psicótico mesmo após cessação do uso. A utilização racional de exames complementares pode ajudar no diagnóstico diferencial com episódios psicóticos devido a condições médicas gerais. CONCLUSÃO: Diagnósticos de primeiro episódio psicótico podem ser adequadamente realizados durante emergências psiquiátricas, desde que sejam implementadas rotinas baseadas em evidências científicas.

OBJECTIVE: To review the literature regarding the diagnosis of first episode psychosis in the context of emergency psychiatry. METHOD: Review of empirical and review articles selected by electronic search in the database PubMed. RESULTS: Specific features of emergency care - single, brief and cross section assessment, and with little information - may jeopardize the diagnostic process. These limitations can be circumvented by application of operational diagnostic criteria, the use of scales and structured interviews and a short period of observation, between 24-72 hours. Diagnoses of bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, psychotic depression and delusional disorder developed in the context of emergency have good stability, but not the diagnoses of brief psychotic disorder, schizophreniform disorder and schizoaffective disorder. First episode psychosis can occur in the course of the use of psychoactive substances, with relatively frequent maintenance of psychotic symptoms even after cessation of the use of the substance. The rational use of subsidiary tests may help the differential diagnosis of psychotic episodes due to general medical conditions. CONCLUSION: Diagnoses of first psychotic episode can be adequately performed during psychiatric emergencies, if routines are implemented based on scientific evidence.